Column headings and variables explanation for the Val_di_Sole_Sring_water_temperature_dataset.csv file.

Please refer to this manuscript for details:
Carturan, L., Zuecco, G., Andreotti, A., Boaga, J., Morino, C., Pavoni, M., Seppi, R., Tolotti, M., Zanoner, T., and Zumiani, M.: Spring-water temperature suggests widespread occurrence of Alpine permafrost in pseudo-relict rock glaciers, EGUsphere [preprint], https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2689, 2024. 


Spring_name:
Name assigned to each measured spring.

Area:
Subcatchments of the study area where spring-water temperature has been measured.

Median_T:
Median temperature (°C) calculated using available spring-water measurements between 2018 and 2021.

T_measurements:
Available spring-water measurements between 2018 and 2021 (each spring was measured once per year, in late summer).

Min_Elevation:
Minimum elevation of each spring's catchment (m a.s.l.), corresponds to the spring's elevation.

Max_Elevation:
Maximum elevation of each spring's catchment (m a.s.l.).

Mean_Elevation:
Half sum of minimum and maximum elevations of each spring's catchment (m a.s.l.).

Mean_Aspect:
Mean aspect of each spring's catchment: 
1	from 315° to 45°
2	from 45° to 135° and from 225° to 315°
3	from 135° to 225°

Length:
Planimetric length of each spring's catchment (m).

Geomorphology:
Dominant geomorphological characteristics of each spring's upslope area (as defined in Carturan et al., 2024):
ver 	Slope deposit (scree slope or debris cone)
glac 	Glacial deposit
rg 	Rock glacier
pr 	Protalus rampart
rp 	Bedrock
df 	Debris flow deposit
ls 	Solifluction lobe

Lithology:
Dominant lithology of each spring's upslope area:
TTP	Sillimanite paragneiss (Tonale Unit)
TUG	Granate and cyanite paragneiss (Ultimo Unit)
TUO	Orthogneiss (Ultimo Unit)
OME	Chlorite e sericite micascists (Peio Unit)
OMI	Granate and staurolite micascists (Peio Unit)
OOG	Orthogneiss (Peio Unit)
TPN	Metapegmatites (Tonale Unit)
TTM	Marbles (Tonale Unit)
 
Openwork:
Presence of open-work deposits on each spring's upslope area:
n	no
y	yes

Permafrost:
Availability of permafrost evidence on each spring's upslope area:
weqt		winter equilibrium temperature measured by temperature data loggers
geophys		geophysical investigations 
snow		perennial snowfields
movement	surface displacement visible in multi-temporal DEMs
none		no evidence available

APIM:
Permafrost category on each spring's upslope area derived from the Boeckli et al. (2012) Alpine Permafrost Index Map:
Blue	permafrost in nearly all conditions
Purple	permafrost mostly in cold conditions
Yellow	permafrost only in very favorable conditions
White	no permafrost

Vegetation:
Vegetation cover on each spring's upslope area:
1	0-10% covered by vegetation
2	10-50% covered by vegetation
3	50-90% covered by vegetation
4	90-100% covered by vegetation

RG_Activity:
Activity status of the rock glacier upstream of each spring:
Active/transitional	Active/transitional rock glacier
Relict			Relict rock glacier

RG_Length:
Planimetric length class of the rock glacier upstream of each spring (as defined in Carturan et al., 2024):
Short	Short rock glacier length class
Mid	Mean rock glacier length class
Long	Long rock glacier length class

RG_Elevation:
Elevation class of the rock glacier upstream of each spring (as defined in Carturan et al., 2024):
Low	Low rock glacier elevation class
Mid	Mean rock glacier elevation class
High	High rock glacier elevation class

RG_Vegetation:
Vegetation cover class of the rock glacier upstream of each spring (as defined in Carturan et al., 2024):
Vegetation	Vegetated rock glacier 
No vegetation	Non vegetated rock glacier 

RG_Front_Slope:
Front slope (degrees) of the rock glacier upstream of each spring.

RG_Front_Characteristics:
Front characteristics of the rock glacier upstream of each spring:
1	No vegetation, evidence of recent instability, outcrop of fine material, little or no surface weathering, weathering degree lower than the surface of the rock glacier
2	Very little or no vegetation (<20%), very little or no fine material, weathering and lichen cover comparable to the surface of the rock glacier
3	Scarce or discontinuous and cold-adapted vegetation (≤50%), abundant debris, weathering similar to the surface of the rock glacier, cold air draining from voids among blocks
4	Completely vegetated, little outcropping debris, without voids and cold air drainage

RG_Subdue_topography:
Occurrence of subdue topography on the rock glacier upstream of each spring:
y	The lateral and frontal ridges are clearly evident and the central part of the rock glacier is depressed with respect to them (concave contour lines)
n	Lateral ridges are absent or evident only in the upper part of the rock glacier, from halfway down the morphology is convex or almost flat

RG_Fed_Spring:
Indicates if each spring is directly fed by water exiting from a rock glacier:
y	yes
n	no
u	uncertain (the water might be influenced by a neighbouring water body that does not exit from the rock glacier)