DATA COLLECTION: The stimuli and experimental tasks were designed in PsychoPy3. In each trial, the monkeys tested singly, in a separate room on their home cage in the vivarium. A few minutes before the test started, the experimental apparatus (a 15-inch touch-sensitive computer monitor, Elo TouchSystems, Menlo Park, CA, and a food pellet reward delivery system, Med Associates, St. Albans, VT) was attached to the front of the monkeys' home cage. A single monkey then moved to the designated experimental area and received a piece of fruit as a reward. Then a first experimental session started. Within each session, the presentation of the stimuli, the delivery of the reward and data collection were conducted on PsychoPy3. DETAILS OF THE FILE FORMATS USED TO RECORD THE DATA: The data (the selected item in each trial) were automatically recorded by PsychoPy3 in .csv format. DETAILS OF SOFTWARE USED: PsychoPy3 was used to create the stimuli and the experimental tasks. We conducted Bayes factor analyses using the version 0.9.12-4.2 of the Bayes Factor package in R and JASP 0.11.1. We conducted frequentist analyses using the stats package in R and JASP 0.11.1. A DESCRIPTION OF HOW WE PROCESSED YOUR DATA TO OBTAIN YOUR RESULTS (INCLUDING THE STATISTICAL TESTS PERFORMED): We conducted Bayes factor analyses using the version 0.9.12-4.2 of the Bayes Factor package in R and JASP 0.11.1. We conducted frequentist analyses using the stats package in R and JASP 0.11.1. Pearson's Chi-squared test and Bayesian Contingency Tables were used to test differences between far and close series (e.g. stimuli in which the items were spaced apart or close between one another) in the Number Transfer Test and to assess differences between leftward and rightward asymmetric arrays in the Asymmetric Test. Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test and Bayesian repeated measure Anova were used to test whether monkeys’ accuracy decreased with magnitude (3, 5, 7 and 9 items) we compared accuracy across trials of different numerical lengths. Exact binomial test and Bayesian binomial test were used to compare the selection of the middle item with chance expectation. The laterality index was calculated as the percentage of right-sided choices on the overall number of wrong choices. Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test and Bayesian repeated measure Anova were used to test the laterality index. DETAILS OF ANY SCRIPTS OR CODES USED: arrow_Touched_3.jasp, arrow_Touched_5.jasp, arrow_Touched_7.jasp, arrow_Touched_9.jasp, tolman_Touched_3.jasp, tolman_Touched_5.jasp, tolman_Touched_7.jasp, tolman_Touched_9.jasp, all accuracy 3579(THREE_FOUR_FIVE_SIX).R: Pearson's Chi-squared test and Bayesian Contingency Tables (differences between far and close series, in the Number Transfer Test). arrow_asym(NINE_TEN_EVEVEN).R, tolman_asym(NINE_TEN_EVEVEN) .R, arrow_asym_generale(TWELVE).jasp, tolman_asym_generale(TWELVE).jasp: Pearson's Chi-squared test and Bayesian Contingency Tables (differences between asymmentrical left and asymmetrical right series, in the Asymmetric Test). arrow accuracy 3579(ONE).R, tolman accuracy 3579(ONE).R, Accuracy_Arrow_Bayes(TWO), Accuracy_Tolman_Bayes(TWO).jasp: Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test and Bayesian repeated measure Anova (monkeys’ accuracy in relation to numerical magnitude (3, 5, 7 and 9 items). all accuracy 3579(THREE_FOUR_FIVE_SIX).R, Binomial_3_M_NO_DIST(THREE).jasp, Binomial_5_M_NO_DIST(THREE).jasp, Binomial_7_M_NO_DIST(THREE).jasp, Binomial_9_M_NO_DIST(THREE).jasp: Exact binomial test and Bayesian binomial test to compare the selection of the middle item with chance expectation. Test_3579_BIAS_arrow(FIFTEEN).R, Test_3579_BIAS_tolman(FIFTEEN).R, Arrow_bias_Bayes(FOURTEEN).jasp, Tolman_bias_Bayes(FOURTEEN).jasp: Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test and Bayesian repeated measure Anova were used to test the laterality index. DESCRIPTIONS OF ANY COLUMNS AND TABLES IN YOUR DATASET (INCLUDING ABBREVIATIONS USED): In the following files (arrow_Touched_3.csv, arrow_Touched_5.csv, arrow_Touched_7.csv, arrow_Touched_9.csv, tolman_Touched_3.csv, tolman_Touched_5.csv, tolman_Touched_7.csv, tolman_Touched_9.csv), Columns’ descriptions are: A: ID; B: position on the x axis of the dot; C: position on the y axis of the dot; D: the number of item which composed the stimulus; E: inter-items distance (cm); F: location of the touch on the x axis; G: location of the touch on the y axis; H: correct (OK) vs. wrong choices (ERROR); I: error side (left, right, no; no was thus a correct answer); J: difference between the point of touch and the centre of the stimulus in the x axis; K: difference between the point of touch and the centre of the stimulus in the y axis; L: response time; M: subject’s name (arrow or tolman); N: trial number; O: selected dot; P: side bias (NA, left, right); Q: stimulus type (close, far); R: Column D + N; S: Column R+P; T: Column R+Q; U: M+E In the following files (arrow_3579.csv, tolman_3579.csv), Columns’ descriptions are: A: ID; B: position on the X-axis of the dot; C: position on the Y-axis of the dot; D: the number of item which composed the stimulus; E: inter-items distance (cm); F: location of the touch on the x axis; G: location of the touch on the y axis; H: correct (OK) vs. wrong choices (ERROR); I: selected dot; P: side bias (NA, left, right); J: error side (left, right, no; no was thus a correct answer); K: difference between the point of touch and the centre of the stimulus in the x axis; L: difference between the point of touch and the centre of the stimulus in the y axis; M: response time; N: subject’s name (arrow or tolman); O: round; P: trial number; Q: experimental session; R: side bias (NA, left, right); S: up/down bias (up, down , NA); T: column: R+S; U: column: O+N; V: column: U+E; W: column: D+Q In the following files (arrow_three_dots_test.csv, tolman_three_dots_test.csv) columns’ descriptions are: A: ID; B: position on the X-axis of the dot; C: position on the Y-axis of the dot; D: the number of item which composed the stimulus (three); E: test condition; F: inter-items distance (cm); G: location of the touch on the x axis; H: location of the touch on the y axis; I: correct (OK) vs. wrong choices (ERROR); J: error side (left, right, unchosen, no; no was thus a correct answer); K: difference between the point of touch and the centre of the stimulus in the x axis; L: difference between the point of touch and the centre of the stimulus in the y axis; M: response time; N: subject’s name (arrow or tolman); O: trial number; P: correct (OK) vs. wrong choices (ERROR); Q: selected dot. In the following files (arrow_asymm.csv, tolman_asymm.csv) columns’ descriptions are: A: ID; B: trial’s Type (symmetrical/asymmetrical); C: the number of item which composed the stimulus; D: stimulus’s type (asymmetrical left/asymmetrical right/1); E: item in the spatial centre for each stimuli’s kind; F: position on the X-axis of the dot; G: position on the Y-axis of the dot; H: item that was in the spatial centre for asymmetrical stimuli; I: location of the touch on the x axis; J: location of the touch on the y axis; K: error’s direction (left/right/no); L: selected item; M: correct (OK) vs. wrong choices (ERROR); N: difference between the point of touch and the centre of the stimulus in the x axis; O: difference between the point of touch and the centre of the stimulus in the y axis; P: response time; N: subject’s name (arrow or tolman); Q: subject’s name (arrow or tolman); R: trial; S: selected item. arrow_asym.csv, tolman_asym.csv: (VEDI ANCHE LE RIGHE QUI SOTTO DI ESEMPIO, 6 PROVE PER TRIAL DIVISE PER LE 9 POSIZIONI): A: ID; B: stimulus’s type (asymmetrical left/asymmetrical right); C: M: subject’s name (arrow or tolman); D: selected item; E: trail; F: column: B+E; G: selected item; H: number of times a certain element (reported in column G) has been selected. In the following files (Accuracy_Arrow_Bayes(TWO).csv e Accuracy_Tolman_Bayes(TWO).csv) Columns’ descriptions are: A: trial number; Columns B, C, D and E represented the % value of the correct trials in each numerical magnitude, respectively 3, 5, 7 and 9 items. Binomial_3_M_NO_DIST(THREE).csv, Binomial_5_M_NO_DIST(THREE).csv, Binomial_7_M_NO_DIST(THREE).csv, Binomial_9_M_NO_DIST(THREE).csv: for each trial is reported whether it was selected the middle items (M) or another one (others): Column A: item selection for Arrow; B item selection for Tolman For the following files Arrow_bias_Bayes(FOURTEEN).csv, Tolman_bias_Bayes(FOURTEEN).csv: Columns’ descriptions are: A: trial number; Columns B, C, D and E represented the value of the bias for each numerical magnitude, respectively 3, 5, 9 and 7 items. LICENCES/RESTRICTIONS PLACED ON ACCESS TO THE DATASET: All published metadata are released under a CC0 licence.