Lazzarin et al. - Fully Developed Open Channel Flow over Clusters of Freshwater Mussels Partially Buried in a Gravel Bed 

DATA

This folder contains the following data:

Figure 2. Mesh sensitivity analysis: mean velocity, u/U0 (a), mean spanwise vorticity,ω(y)H/U0 (b), and turbulent kinetic energy, TKE/U0² (c) in a longitudinal section crossing a mussel in coarser and finer mesh simulations of flow over an array of mussels. The simulations were conducted for ρM = 100 mussels/m², d50/h = 0.0, VR = 0.50 and h/H = 0.48.

Figure 3. Convergence of mean flow and turbulence statistics: vertical profiles of the double-averaged mean velocity, u/U0 (a), and turbulent kinetic energy, TKE/U0² (b). Results are averaged over a 1.0 L/U0 long time interval, and over a 3.3 L/U0 long time interval. Results are reported for the simulation conducted with ρM = 25mus/m2, d50/h = 0.13, VR = 0.5 and h/H = 0.48.

Figure 4. Mean pressure, P/(ρU0²), on shells and bed for simulations with ρM = 500 mussels/m², VR = 0.50, h/H = 0.48 for (a) a smooth bed (d50/h = 0.00), and (b) a gravel bed (d50/h = 0.13).

Figure 5. Coherent structures visualized using the Q criterion for the instantaneous (a) and the mean (b) flow in the simulation with ρM = 500 mussels/m², d50/h = 0.13, VR = 1.22, h/H = 0.48.

Figure 6. Instantaneous spanwise vorticity, ω(y)H/U0, in the y/H = -0.7 plane for different simulations (a-e).

Figure 7. Mean vertical velocity, w/U0, for the simulations with d50/h = 0.000, VR = 0.5, h/H = 0.48 and with ρM = 0 mussels/m² (a) and ρM = 500 mussels/m² (b), in the horizontal plane with z/h = 0.5.

Figure 8. Non-dimensional, time-averaged downward discharge through the z/h = 0.5 horizontal plane. 

Figure 9. Turbulent kinetic energy, TKE/U0², in the y/H = -0.7 plane for different simulations (a-f).

Figure 10. Vertical profiles of the double-averaged streamwise velocity (a) and turbulent kinetic energy (b) as a function of the mussel bed density ρM in the simulations conducted with d50/h = 0.13, VR = 0.5 and h/H = 0.48.  

Figure 11. Mean and RMS fluctuations of non-dimensional mean drag forces.

Figure 12. Mean and RMS fluctuations of the drag coefficient in the x-direction considering the mean velocity in the entire or in the inner region. 

Figure 13. Streamwise (time-averaged) drag coefficients for the individual mussels forming the mussel bed for different simulations (a-d) with VR = 0.5 and h/H = 0.48. 

Figure 14. Instantaneous and mean bed shear stress, τ/τ0, for the simulations with d50/h = 0.000, VR = 0.5, h/H = 0.48 and with ρM = 100 mussels/m² (a) and ρM = 500 mussels/m² (b).